全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2040篇 |
免费 | 331篇 |
国内免费 | 916篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 18篇 |
大气科学 | 4篇 |
地球物理 | 216篇 |
地质学 | 2479篇 |
海洋学 | 356篇 |
天文学 | 3篇 |
综合类 | 95篇 |
自然地理 | 116篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 10篇 |
2023年 | 37篇 |
2022年 | 73篇 |
2021年 | 84篇 |
2020年 | 103篇 |
2019年 | 123篇 |
2018年 | 95篇 |
2017年 | 71篇 |
2016年 | 112篇 |
2015年 | 98篇 |
2014年 | 147篇 |
2013年 | 190篇 |
2012年 | 100篇 |
2011年 | 150篇 |
2010年 | 112篇 |
2009年 | 146篇 |
2008年 | 162篇 |
2007年 | 174篇 |
2006年 | 152篇 |
2005年 | 153篇 |
2004年 | 117篇 |
2003年 | 106篇 |
2002年 | 81篇 |
2001年 | 88篇 |
2000年 | 94篇 |
1999年 | 89篇 |
1998年 | 59篇 |
1997年 | 52篇 |
1996年 | 36篇 |
1995年 | 39篇 |
1994年 | 40篇 |
1993年 | 30篇 |
1992年 | 24篇 |
1991年 | 23篇 |
1990年 | 28篇 |
1989年 | 23篇 |
1988年 | 18篇 |
1987年 | 15篇 |
1986年 | 11篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有3287条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
82.
83.
1997年降落在山东省鄄城县的陨石雨,是橄榄石-古铜辉石球粒陨石。该陨石中的金属矿物主要为铁纹石和陨硫铁,其次为镍纹石,金属矿物呈填隙状分布于以橄榄石和古铜辉石为主的硅酸盐矿物粒间及球粒周围。陨石中可见由铁纹石和镍纹石组成的显微蠕虫状连晶,是陨石中金属矿物在降温冷却过程中发生固溶体分离作用而成。陨石中金属矿物的分布特征表明,金属Fe-Ni和硫化物(FeS)应该是星云凝聚不同阶段的产物。陨石中金属矿物的成分和组构特征及陨石中出现的球粒结构、橄榄石的炉条结构等特征表明,该球粒陨石是星云物质快速冷却的产物。 相似文献
84.
在X射线衍射和扫描电镜观测的基础上,结合区域沉积演化分析,探讨了晋城矿区粘土类型、组合特征、微观结构与沉积-成岩作用的关系。结果表明,晋城矿区粘土矿物以高岭石为主,其次为伊利石和伊利石/蒙脱石混层,还有少量的绿泥石和蒙脱石;山西组粘土矿物颗粒排列定向性优于太原组,多呈带状或平叠状产出,而太原组多为蜂巢状、花朵状或凝絮状;由于太原期频繁的海侵海退致使煤层顶底板处于pH值较高的碱性环境,使成岩过程中高岭石向伊利石转化,造成太原组粘土矿物的伊利石含量明显高于山西组,而高岭石含量相对较低。 相似文献
85.
86.
Fault affecting silicoclastic sediments are commonly enriched in clay minerals. Clays are sensitive to fluid–rock interactions and deformation mechanisms; in this paper, they are used as proxy for fault activity and behavior. The present study focuses on clay mineral assemblages from the Point Vert normal fault zone located in the Annot sandstones, a Priabonian-Rupelian turbidite succession of the Alpine foredeep in SE France. In this area, the Annot sandstones were buried around 6–8 km below the front of Alpine nappes soon after their deposition and exhumed during the middle-late Miocene. The fault affects arkosic sandstone beds alternating with pelitic layers, and displays throw of about thirty meters. The fault core zone comprises intensely foliated sandstones bounding a corridor of gouge about 20 cm thick. The foliated sandstones display clay concentration along S–C structures characterized by dissolution of K-feldspar and their replacement by mica, associated with quartz pressure solution, intense microfracturation and quartz vein precipitation. The gouge is formed by a clayey matrix containing fragments of foliated sandstones and pelites. However, a detailed petrographical investigation suggests complex polyphase deformation processes. Optical and SEM observations show that the clay minerals fraction of all studied rocks (pelites and sandstones from the damage and core zones of the fault) is dominated by white micas and chlorite. These minerals have two different origins: detrital and newly-formed. Detrital micas are identified by their larger shape and their chemical composition with a lower Fe–Mg content than the newly-formed white micas. In the foliated sandstones, newly-formed white micas are concentrated along S–C structures or replace K-feldspar. Both types of newly formed micas display the same chemical composition confirmed microstructural observations suggesting that they formed in the same conditions. They have the following structural formulas: Na0.05 K0.86 (Al 1.77 Fe0.08 Mg0.15) (Si3.22 Al0.78) O10 (OH)2. They are enriched in Fe and Mg compared to the detrital micas. Newly-formed chlorites are associated with micas along the shear planes. According to microprobe analyses, they present the following structural formula: (Al1,48 Fe2,50 Mg1,84) (Si2,82 Al1,18) O10 (OH)8. All these data suggest that these clay minerals are synkinematic and registered the fault activity. In the gouge samples, illite and chlorite are the major clay minerals; smectite is locally present in some samples.In the foliated sandstones, Kubler Index (KI) ((001) XRD peak width at half height) data and thermodynamic calculations from synkinematic chlorite chemistry suggest that the main fault deformation occurred under temperatures around 220 °C (diagenesis to anchizone boundary). KI measured on pelites and sandstones from the hanging and footwall, display similar values coherent with the maximal burial temperature of the Annot sandstones in this area. The gouge samples have a higher KI index, which could be explained by a reactivation of the fault at lower temperatures during the exhumation of the Annot sandstones formation. 相似文献
87.
含粗粒金矿,由于粗粒金的存在使其样品的采集、加工和分析极具挑战性,如何获得具有代表性和均匀性的化学分析样品,并提供准确的分析结果,长期以来一直是该类金矿资源勘查评价急待解决的技术难题。本文对近年来国内外含粗粒金矿样品的采集、加工和分析方法等3方面开展的研究工作及主要成果进行归纳分析,认为:1含粗粒金矿样品的采集是确保样品代表性的首要环节,含粗粒金矿样品分析结果的潜在误差有80%来源于样品采集,因此研究经济、有效的样品采集方法至关重要。2含粗粒金矿样品的加工主要从提高自然金的粉碎度,改进加工流程,选择样品加工设备等方面进行,但查明金的粒度分布及伴生矿物是拟定样品加工流程的关键。3含粗粒金矿样品的分析方法有常规的化学分析方法、批量浸金法和人工重砂加权平均法,相对于复杂的加工流程研究,后者有望成为此类样品经济有效的分析方法。本文指出,含粗粒金矿资源评价质量的误差来源于地质、采样、加工、分析等诸多方面,总体而言应最小化所有阶段误差,应特别重视样品采集方法的研究,确保采集样品的代表性是提高该类金矿资源评价质量的前提。 相似文献
88.
Inverse Analysis of Deep Excavation Using Differential Evolution Algorithm 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
This paper presents the applications of the differential evolution (DE) algorithm in back analysis of soil parameters for deep excavation problems. A computer code, named Python‐based DE, is developed and incorporated into the commercial finite element software ABAQUS, with a parallel computing technique to run an FE analysis for all trail vectors of one generation in DE in multiple cores of a cluster, which dramatically reduces the computational time. A synthetic case and a well‐instrumented real case, that is, the Taipei National Enterprise Center (TNEC) project, are used to demonstrate the capability of the proposed back‐analysis procedure. Results show that multiple soil parameters are well identified by back analysis using a DE optimization algorithm for highly nonlinear problems. For the synthetic excavation case, the back‐analyzed parameters are basically identical to the input parameters that are used to generate synthetic response of wall deflection. For the TNEC case with a total of nine parameters to be back analyzed, the relative errors of wall deflection for the last three stages are 2.2, 1.1, and 1.0%, respectively. Robustness of the back‐estimated parameters is further illustrated by a forward prediction. The wall deflection in the subsequent stages can be satisfactorily predicted using the back‐analyzed soil parameters at early stages. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
89.
为研究粉质黏土堤防漫溢溃决破坏过程及其对水流要素和土体性质的响应规律,以河道流量、筑堤土体含水率和孔隙率为变量,在弯道水槽中开展了9组堤防漫溢溃决概化试验.通过试验发现,粉质黏土堤漫溢溃决溃口发展过程可分为垂向侵蚀和横向扩宽两个阶段,垂向侵蚀阶段以"陡坎"后退为主要形式;筑堤土体含水率与孔隙率不仅影响了溃口垂向侵蚀以及横向扩宽速度,而且决定了溃口最终形态,河道流量主要影响堤防溃口的横向扩宽速度;溃口处流速以及下游水位变化受溃口高度的制约.拟合得到土体黏聚力与土体含水率、孔隙率的相关关系式;通过试验数据提出了由土体黏聚力和水流参数表达的"陡坎"侵蚀后退速度计算公式,证明具有一定合理性. 相似文献
90.
根据偏光显微镜、扫描电镜和X-衍射等分析手段获取的数据和资料,分析对比了早期沉积水介质、幔源CO2流体、大气水、超压流体和充注烃类等对储层黏土矿物的控制作用。研究表明,早期沉积水介质是储层黏土矿物的决定性因素,微咸水-半咸水湖盆储层黏土矿物以伊利石为主,淡水湖盆储层黏土矿物以高岭石为主;幔源CO2流体侵位后带来明显的储层改造和热波动效应,储层中I/S中S%含量低于同深度泥岩,储层中高岭石含量明显偏高。欠压实超压储层中黏土演化明显滞后,表现在I/S中S%含量低于同深度泥岩和常压储层。油气层高岭石含量往往远高于相近深度的水层,可能与充注烃类携带的有机酸的溶蚀作用有关,另外,烃类充注后形成的惰性成岩环境也有利于高岭石的保存,高岭石的高含量带常与油层及高渗层相对应;受大气水淋滤的储层,以长石大量溶蚀,富含高岭石为特征,储层孔隙度一般较高。 相似文献